Thursday, September 24, 2015

The Bible, Homosexuality, and a Christian Response - Part 4

Old Testament

In this article, I'm only going to look at the Old Testament commandments regarding homosexuality.

First I'll address Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13 together.

22 Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination.
— Leviticus 18:22
13 If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them.
— Leviticus 20:13

To “to lie with” is a biblical euphemism meaning “to have sex with,” simple as that. These verses obviously condemn homosexual behavior and don’t give any other qualification.

Now some say that these verses are part of the holiness code which is part of The Law and since Jesus fulfilled the Law, we are no longer under any obligation to obey these verses. This objection reveals a misunderstanding about Jesus’ work on the cross for one, two, it shows a misunderstanding of The Law itself, and three, it ignores some very important facts contained within The Law.

17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. 18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. 19 Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20 For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven.
— Matthew 5:17-20

Jesus did say that He came to fulfill the Law, but he also qualified that statement by saying that complete fulfillment wouldn’t be accomplished until “heaven and earth pass” (Mt 5:18). Obviously Heaven and Earth haven’t passed, so all the Law hasn’t yet been fulfilled.

The Law actually consists of three different kinds of law: Civil, Ceremonial, and Moral.

The first kind of Law is civil law. Much of this is pragmatic, cultural or directed specifically toward a Jewish audience. Things like dietary restrictions, clothing restrictions and so forth. A lot of restrictions were put on the Jews so they would be recognized as different from the countries surrounding them. They weren’t to blend in and adapt to cultures other than their own. Some of the civil restrictions had to do with the wanderings in the wilderness like the commandment not to wear clothes made from two types of fabric since that would cause the clothes to wear out quicker. When the Jews returned from the Babylonian captivities at the end of the 6th century BC, many of the Jews wore all kinds of clothes of all kinds of materials and combinations. The civil law also deals with penalties for breaking other laws including the Moral Law.

The second kind of Law is Ceremonial law and deals with offerings, sacrifices, religious observances and so forth. The message of the New Testament is that these laws were fulfilled by Christ on the cross. He is our Passover Lamb, He is our Sabbath, He has carried our sin away like the scape goat on the Day of Atonement.

The third kind is Moral Law. The Ten Commandments are the basis for moral law in the Bible. Whenever the Bible speaks on issues that The Ten Commandments refer to, then that issue falls under the moral law. On the subject of homosexuality, the Commandment referred to is the Seventh Commandment.

14 Thou shalt not commit adultery.
— Exodus 20:14

When you study ancient rabbinical teaching, you discover that, according to Jewish thought, adultery in the Seventh Commandment referred to any kind of sexual conduct outside of a marriage between one man and one woman and not just marital infidelity. In other words, if you had pre-marital sex, you were also guilty of adultery. So, whenever you read laws about sexual conduct in The Law contained rest of the first five books of the Bible (Genesis through Deuteronomy), understand that you are dealing with Moral Law.

So are we under The Law or not?

In Acts 10, God reveals to Peter that believers are no longer required to observe dietary restrictions. In Acts 15, the Council of Jerusalem under the guidance of the Holy Spirit reveal that men are no longer required to be circumcised. When it comes to clothes, the New Testament mandate is simply modesty. But in the New Testament, we find that we are still prohibited from worshipping false gods, committing theft, murder, sexual sin, lying, and covetousness.

Some of the civil law also related to practices that were part of paganism like tattoos, piercings or shaving and braiding beards in different ways. I’m going to tell you right now that I won’t ever have a gauged ear and I probably won’t have a tattoo, but I won’t hold it against anyone who does do those things because frankly, in modern society, none of those things are associated with pagan religious practices anymore. Not to mention, the reason why beards are frowned upon in many evangelical churches despite the great hirsute preachers like Spurgeon and Moody has to do with facial hair being associated with rebellion in the 50s and 60s.

In other words, if you want to be clean shaven and have tattoos and piercings, knock yourself out.

Because of the general misunderstanding about how The Law works, Homosexual activists will claim that Leviticus 18 and 20 are part of the holiness code, so we are not bound by those laws anymore. The problem with that claim is that Leviticus 18 and 20 also prohibit incest, pedophilia, group sex, and bestiality. Are those things ok now? If not, why not? Why is homosexuality ok, but not the others?

Another objection would be that since Leviticus 20:13 prescribes the death penalty for homosexual conduct, should Christians advocate for the death penalty for homosexuals? The simple answer is no.

The longer answer is that while the Levitical command is to put homosexuals to death, all penalties under The Law are part of the civil law. Under The Law, the government sets penalties for breaking its laws. Even when we disagree with the moral aspects of a government’s laws, we still have a responsibility to obey them to a point.

1Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God. 2Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation. 3For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same: 4for he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil. 5Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake. 6For for this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God’s ministers, attending continually upon this very thing. 7Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.
– Romans 13:1-7

Christ’s kingdom is not of this world (John 18:36). He did not command us to try to set up His kingdom in this world. Christ said that when He returned, He would set it up. Until Christ returns, our Great Commission is to make disciples of all nations. It is not the job of the Church to try to get the governments of the world to become Christian theocracies. It is not the job of the Church to try and change people. Rather, it is the job of the Church to preach the gospel, encourage people to repent and turn to God in Christ and then He will change people.

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